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Phineas Newborn Jr. December 14 1931 – May 26 1989 Was An American Jazz Pianist Whose Principal Influences Were Art Tatum Oscar Peterson And Bud Powell. Newborn Came From A Musical Family His Father Phineas Newborn Sr. Was A Blues Musician And His Younger Brother Calvin A Jazz Guitarist. Phineas Studied Piano As Well As Trumpet And Tenor And Baritone Saxophone.
Before Moving On To Work With Lionel Hampton Charles Mingus And Others Newborn First Played In An R&B Band Led By His Father On Drums With His Brother Calvin On Guitar Tuff Green On Bass Ben Branch And Future Hi Records Star Willie Mitchell. The Group Was The House Band At The Now Famous Plantation Inn Club In West Memphis Arkansas From 1947 To 1951 And Recorded As B. B. King's Band On His First Recordings In 1949 As Well As The Sun Records Sessions In 1950. They Left West Memphis In 1951 To Tour With Jackie Brenston As The "Delta Cats" In Support Of The Record "Rocket 88" Recorded By Sam Phillips And Considered By Many To Be The First Ever Rock & Roll Record It Was The First Billboard No. 1 Record For Chess Records .
Among His Earliest Recordings From The Early 1950s Are Those For Sun Records With Blues Harmonica Player Big Walter Horton We Three As A Trio With Drummer Roy Haynes And Bassist Paul Chambers And His Debut As A Solo Artist On RCA Victor Phineas' Rainbow.
From 1956 He Began To Perform In New York City Making His First Album As A Leader In That Year. His Trios And Quartets At That Time Included Oscar Pettiford Kenny Clarke George Joyner And Philly Joe Jones.
He Created Enough Interest Internationally To Work As A Solo Pianist In Stockholm In 1958 And In Rome The Following Year.
Subsequently Moving To Los Angeles Around 1960 He Recorded A Sequence Of Piano Trio Albums For The Contemporary Label. However Some Critics Found His Playing Style Rather Facile And Newborn Developed Emotional Problems As A Result Necessitating His Admission To The Camarillo State Mental Hospital For Some Periods. He Also Suffered A Hand Injury Which Hindered His Playing.
Newborn’s Later Career Was Intermittent Due To Ongoing Health Problems. This Is Most True Of The Period From The Mid-1960s To Mid-1970s When He Faded From View Underappreciated And Underrecorded. He Made A Partial Comeback In The Late 1970s And Early 1980s Although This Return Apparently Failed To Benefit His Financial Situation. He Died In 1989 After The Discovery Of A Growth On His Lungs And Was Buried In Memphis National Cemetery. According To Jazz Historian Nat Hentoff Newborn's Plight Spurred The 1989 Founding Of The Jazz Foundation Of America A Group Dedicated To Helping With The Medical Bills And Other Financial Needs Of Retired Jazz Greats. In The Early 1990s The Four-Player Contemporary Piano Ensemble Was Formed By Pianists Harold Mabern James Williams Mulgrew Miller And Geoff Keezer To Pay Tribute To Newborn It Recorded Two Albums And Toured Internationally.
Despite His Setbacks Many Of Newborn's Records Such As The Great Jazz Piano Of Phineas Newborn Jr And Phineas' Rainbow Remain Highly Regarded. Jazz Commentator Scott Yanow Even Referred To Newborn As "one Of The Most Technically Skilled And Brilliant Pianists In Jazz." Evidence Of His Technical Prowess Can Be Heard On Tracks Such As "Sometimes I'm Happy" On Look Out - Phineas Is Back! Where Newborn Performs Extended Complex And Brisk Solos With Both Hands In Unison. Leonard Feather Once Said Of Him "In His Prime He Was One Of The Three Greatest Jazz Pianists Of All Time." read less