Frogtoon Music

I'm Old Fashioned by John Coltrane

Artist Biography For John Coltrane

John William Coltrane Hamlet North Carolina September 23 1926 – Huntington New York July 17 1967 Was An American Jazz Saxophonist And Composer. American Jazz Great John Coltrane Emerged In The 1950s Playing Tenor And Soprano Sax With Dizzy Gillespie Miles Davis And Thelonious Monk. A Leader Of "hard Bop" In The 1960s He Led His Own Groups And Changed The Face Of Jazz With Experimentation And Improvisation His Later Recordings Reflecting His Belief That Music Was A Form Of Spiritual Expression. Sometimes Called Simply 'Trane His Recordings Include Giant Steps 1959 My Favorite Things 1960 Olé 1961 And A Love Supreme 1964 . In His Later Recordings He Collaborated On Avante-Garde Music With His Wife Alice Coltrane B. Alice McLeod 1937-2007 Who Had A Career In Her Own Right. The Band Sometimes Called Coltrane's "classic Quartet" Of The Early 1960s Included McCoy Tyner Piano Elvin Jones Drums And Jimmy Garrison Bass .
Despite A Relatively Brief Career He First Came To Notice As A Sideman At Age 29 In 1955 Formally Launched A Solo Career At 33 In 1960 And Was Dead At 40 In 1967 Saxophonist John Coltrane Was Among The Most Important And Most Controversial Figures In Jazz. It Seems Amazing That His Period Of Greatest Activity Was So Short Not Only Because He Recorded Prolifically But Also Because Taking Advantage Of His Fame The Record Companies That Recorded Him As A Sideman In The 1950s Frequently Reissued Those Recordings Under His Name And There Has Been A Wealth Of Posthumously Released Material As Well. Since Coltrane Was A Protean Player Who Changed His Style Radically Over The Course Of His Career This Has Made For Much Confusion In His Discography And In Appreciations Of His Playing. There Remains A Critical Divide Between The Adherents Of His Earlier More Conventional If Still Highly Imaginative Work And His Later More Experimental Work. No One However Questions Coltrane's Almost Religious Commitment To Jazz Or Doubts His Significance In The History Of The Music. Coltrane Was The Son Of John R. Coltrane A Tailor And Amateur Musician And Alice Blair Coltrane. Two Months After His Birth His Maternal Grandfather The Reverend William Blair Was Promoted To Presiding Elder In The A.M.E. Zion Church And Moved His Family Including His Infant Grandson To High Point NC Where Coltrane Grew Up. Shortly After He Graduated From Grammar School In 1939 His Father His Grandparents And His Uncle Died Leaving Him To Be Raised In A Family Consisting Of His Mother His Aunt And His Cousin. His Mother Worked As A Domestic To Support The Family. The Same Year He Joined A Community Band In Which He Played Clarinet And E Flat Alto Horn He Took Up The Alto Saxophone In His High School Band. During World War II His Mother Aunt And Cousin Moved North To New Jersey To Seek Work Leaving Him With Family Friends In 1943 When He Graduated From High School He Too Headed North Settling In Philadelphia. Eventually The Family Was Reunited There. While Taking Jobs Outside Music Coltrane Briefly Attended The Ornstein School Of Music And Studied At Granoff Studios. He Also Began Playing In Local Clubs. In 1945 He Was Drafted Into The Navy And Stationed In Hawaii. He Never Saw Combat But He Continued To Play Music And In Fact Made His First Recording With A Quartet Of Other Sailors On July 13 1946. A Performance Of Tadd Dameron's "Hot House " It Was Released In 1993 On The Rhino Records Anthology The Last Giant. Coltrane Was Discharged In The Summer Of 1946 And Returned To Philadelphia. That Fall He Began Playing In The Joe Webb Band. In Early 1947 He Switched To The King Kolax Band. During The Year He Switched From Alto To Tenor Saxophone. One Account Claims That This Was As The Result Of Encountering Alto Saxophonist Charlie Parker And Feeling The Better-Known Musician Had Exhausted The Possibilities On The Instrument Another Says That The Switch Occurred Simply Because Coltrane Next Joined A Band Led By Earl Bostic Who Was An Alto Player Forcing Coltrane To Play Tenor. He Moved On To Jimmy Heath's Band In Mid-1948 Staying With The Band Which Evolved Into The Howard McGhee All Stars Until Early 1949 When He Returned To Philadelphia. That Fall He Joined A Big Band Led By Dizzy Gillespie Remaining Until The Spring Of 1951 By Which Time The Band Had Been Trimmed To A Septet. On March 1 1951 He Took His First Solo On Record During A Performance Of "We Love To Boogie" With Gillespie. At Some Point During This Period Coltrane Became A Heroin Addict Which Made Him More Difficult To Employ. He Played With Various Bands Mostly Around Philadelphia During The Early '50s His Next Important Job Coming In The Spring Of 1954 When Johnny Hodges Temporarily Out Of The Duke Ellington Band Hired Him. But He Was Fired Because Of His Addiction In September 1954. He Returned To Philadelphia Where He Was Playing When He Was Hired By Miles Davis A Year Later. His Association With Davis Was The Big Break That Finally Established Him As An Important Jazz Musician. Davis A Former Drug Addict Himself Had Kicked His Habit And Gained Recognition At The Newport Jazz Festival In July 1955 Resulting In A Contract With Columbia Records And The Opportunity To Organize A Permanent Band Which In Addition To Him And Coltrane Consisted Of Pianist Red Garland Bassist Paul Chambers And Drummer "Philly" Joe Jones. This Unit Immediately Began To Record Extensively Not Only Because Of The Columbia Contract But Also Because Davis Had Signed With The Major Label Before Fulfilling A Deal With Jazz Independent Prestige Records That Still Had Five Albums To Run. The Trumpeter's Columbia Debut 'Round About Midnight Which He Immediately Commenced Recording Did Not Appear Until March 1957. The First Fruits Of His Association With Coltrane Came In April 1956 With The Release Of The New Miles Davis Quintet Aka Miles Recorded For Prestige On November 16 1955. During 1956 In Addition To His Recordings For Columbia Davis Held Two Marathon Sessions For Prestige To Fulfill His Obligation To The Label Which Released The Material Over A Period Of Time Under The Titles Cookin' 1957 Relaxin' 1957 Workin' 1958 And Steamin' 1961 . Coltrane's Association With Davis Inaugurated A Period When He Began To Frequently Record As A Sideman. Davis May Have Been Trying To End His Association With Prestige But Coltrane Began Appearing On Many Of The Label's Sessions. After He Became Better Known In The 1960s Prestige And Other Labels Began To Repackage This Work Under His Name As If He Had Been The Leader A Process That Has Continued To The Present Day. Prestige Was Acquired By Fantasy Records In 1972 And Many Of The Recordings In Which Coltrane Participated Have Been Reissued On Fantasy's Original Jazz Classics OJC Imprint. Coltrane Tried And Failed To Kick Heroin In The Summer Of 1956 And In October Davis Fired Him Though The Trumpeter Had Relented And Taken Him Back By The End Of November. Early In 1957 Coltrane Formally Signed With Prestige As A Solo Artist Though He Remained In The Davis Band And Also Continued To Record As A Sideman For Other Labels. In April Davis Fired Him Again. This May Have Given Him The Impetus Finally To Kick His Drug Habit And Freed Of The Necessity Of Playing Gigs With Davis He Began To Record Even More Frequently. On May 31 1957 He Finally Made His Recording Debut As A Leader Putting Together A Pickup Band Consisting Of Trumpeter Johnny Splawn Baritone Saxophonist Sahib Shihab Pianists Mal Waldron And Red Garland On Different Tracks Bassist Paul Chambers And Drummer Al "Tootie" Heath. They Cut An Album Prestige Titled Simply Coltrane Upon Release In September 1957. It Has Since Been Reissued Under The Title First Trane. In June 1957 Coltrane Joined The Thelonious Monk Quartet Consisting Of Monk On Piano Wilbur Ware On Bass And Shadow Wilson On Drums. During This Period He Developed A Technique Of Playing Several Notes At Once And His Solos Began To Go On Longer. In August He Recorded Material Belatedly Released On The Prestige Albums Lush Life 1960 And The Last Trane 1965 As Well As The Material For John Coltrane With The Red Garland Trio Released Later In The Year. It Was Later Reissued Under The Title Traneing In. But Coltrane's Second Album To Be Recorded And Released Contemporaneously Under His Name Alone Was Cut In September For Blue Note Records. This Was Blue Train Featuring Trumpeter Lee Morgan Trombonist Curtis Fuller Pianist Kenny Drew And The Miles Davis Rhythm Section Of Chambers And "Philly" Joe Jones It Was Released In December 1957. That Month Coltrane Rejoined Davis Playing In What Was Now A Sextet That Also Featured Cannonball Adderley. In January 1958 He Led A Recording Session For Prestige That Produced Tracks Later Released On Lush Life The Last Trane And The Believer 1964 . In February And March He Recorded Davis' Album Milestones... Released Later In 1958. In Between The Sessions He Cut His Third Album To Be Released Under His Name Alone Soultrane Issued In September By Prestige. Also In March 1958 He Cut Tracks As A Leader That Would Be Released Later On The Prestige Collection Settin' The Pace 1961 . In May He Again Recorded For Prestige As A Leader Though The Results Would Not Be Heard Until The Release Of Black Pearls In 1964. Coltrane Appeared As Part Of The Miles Davis Group At The Newport Jazz Festival In July 1958. The Band's Set Was Recorded And Released In 1964 On An LP Also Featuring A Performance By Thelonious Monk As Miles & Monk At Newport. In 1988 Columbia Reissued The Material On An Album Called Miles & Coltrane. The Performance Inspired A Review In Down Beat The Leading Jazz Magazine That Was An Early Indication Of The Differing Opinions On Coltrane That Would Be Expressed Throughout The Rest Of His Career And Long After His Death. The Review Referred To His "angry Tenor " Which It Said Hampered The Solidarity Of The Davis Band. The Review Led Directly To An Article Published In The Magazine On October 16 1958 In Which Critic Ira Gitler Defended The Saxophonist And Coined The Much-Repeated Phrase "sheets Of Sound" To Describe His Playing. Coltrane's Next Prestige Session As A Leader Occurred Later In July 1958 And Resulted In Tracks Later Released On The Albums Standard Coltrane 1962 Stardust 1963 And Bahia 1965 . All Of These Tracks Were Later Compiled On A Reissue Called The Stardust Session. He Did A Final Session For Prestige In December 1958 Recording Tracks Later Released On The Believer Stardust And Bahia. This Completed His Commitment To The Label And He Signed To Atlantic Records Doing His First Recording For His New Employers On January 15 1959 With A Session On Which He Was Co-Billed With Vibes Player Milt Jackson Though It Did Not Appear Until 1961 With The LP Bags And Trane. In March And April 1959 Coltrane Participated With The Davis Group On The Album Kind Of Blue. Released On August 17 1959 This Landmark Album Known For Its "modal" Playing Improvisations Based On Scales Or "modes " Rather Than Chords Became One Of The Best-Selling And Most-Acclaimed Recordings In The History Of Jazz. In Between The Sessions For The Album Coltrane Began Recording What Would Be His Atlantic Records Debut Giant Steps Released In Early 1960. The Album Consisting Entirely Of Coltrane Compositions In A Sense Marked His Real Debut As A Leading Jazz Performer Even Though The 33-Year-Old Musician Had Released Three Previous Solo Albums And Made Numerous Other Recordings. His Next Atlantic Album Coltrane Jazz Was Mostly Recorded In November And December 1959 And Released In February 1961. In April 1960 He Finally Left The Davis Band And Formally Launched His Solo Career Beginning An Engagement At The Jazz Gallery In New York Accompanied By Pianist Steve Kuhn Soon Replaced By McCoy Tyner Bassist Steve Davis And Drummer Pete La Roca Later Replaced By Billy Higgins And Then Elvin Jones . During This Period He Increasingly Played Soprano Saxophone As Well As Tenor. In October 1960 Coltrane Recorded A Series Of Sessions For Atlantic That Would Produce Material For Several Albums Including A Final Track Used On Coltrane Jazz And Tunes Used On My Favorite Things March 1961 Coltrane Plays The Blues July 1962 And Coltrane's Sound June 1964 . His Soprano Version Of "My Favorite Things " From The Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein II Musical The Sound Of Music Would Become A Signature Song For Him. During The Winter Of 1960-1961 Bassist Reggie Workman Replaced Steve Davis In His Band And Saxophone And Flute Player Eric Dolphy Gradually Became A Member Of The Group. In The Wake Of The Commercial Success Of "My Favorite Things " Coltrane's Star Rose And He Was Signed Away From Atlantic As The Flagship Artist Of The Newly Formed Impulse! Records Label An Imprint Of ABC-Paramount Though In May He Cut A Final Album For Atlantic Olé February 1962 . The Following Month He Completed His Impulse! Debut Africa/Brass. By This Time His Playing Was Frequently In A Style Alternately Dubbed "avant-Garde " "free " Or "The New Thing." Like Ornette Coleman He Played Seemingly Formless Extended Solos That Some Listeners Found Tremendously Impressive And Others Decried As Noise. In November 1961 John Tynan Writing In Down Beat Referred To Coltrane's Playing As "anti-Jazz." That Month However Coltrane Recorded One Of His Most Celebrated Albums Live At The Village Vanguard An LP Paced By The 16-Minute Improvisation "Chasin' The Trane." Between April And June 1962 Coltrane Cut His Next Impulse! Studio Album Another Release Called Simply Coltrane When It Appeared Later In The Year. Working With Producer Bob Thiele He Began To Do Extensive Studio Sessions Far More Than Impulse! Could Profitably Release At The Time Especially With Prestige And Atlantic Still Putting Out Their Own Archival Albums. But The Material Would Serve The Label Well After The Saxophonist's Untimely Death. Thiele Acknowledged That Coltrane's Next Three Impulse! Albums To Be Released Ballads Duke Ellington And John Coltrane And John Coltrane With Johnny Hartman All 1963 Were Recorded At His Behest To Quiet The Critics Of Coltrane's More Extreme Playing. Impressions 1963 Drawn From Live And Studio Recordings Made In 1962 And 1963 Was A More Representative Effort As Was 1964's Live At Birdland Also A Combination Of Live And Studio Tracks Despite Its Title. But Crescent Also Released In 1964 Seemed To Find A Middle Ground Between Traditional And Free Playing And Was Welcomed By Critics. This Trend Was Continued With 1965's A Love Supreme One Of Coltrane's Best-Loved Albums Which Earned Him Two Grammy Nominations For Jazz Composition And Performance And Became His Biggest-Selling Record. Also During The Year Impulse! Released The Standards Collection The John Coltrane Quartet Plays... And Another Album Of "free" Playing Ascension As Well As New Thing At Newport A Live Album Consisting Of One Side By Coltrane And The Other By Archie Shepp. 1966 Saw The Release Of The Albums Kulu Se Mama And Meditations Coltrane's Last Recordings To Appear During His Lifetime Though He Had Finished And Approved Release For His Next Album Expression The Friday Before His Death In July 1967. He Died Suddenly Of Liver Cancer Entering The Hospital On A Sunday And Expiring In The Early Morning Hours Of The Next Day. He Had Left Behind A Considerable Body Of Unreleased Work That Came Out In Subsequent Years Including "Live" At The Village Vanguard Again! 1967 Om 1967 Cosmic Music 1968 Selflessness 1969 Transition 1969 Sun Ship 1971 Africa/Brass Vol. 2 1974 Interstellar Space 1974 And First Meditations For Quartet 1977 All On Impulse! Compilations And Releases Of Archival Live Recordings Brought Him A Series Of Grammy Nominations Including Best Jazz Performance For The Atlantic Album The Coltrane Legacy In 1970 Best Jazz Performance Group And Best Jazz Performance Soloist For "Giant Steps" From The Atlantic Album Alternate Takes In 1974 And Best Jazz Performance Group And Best Jazz Performance Soloist For Afro Blue Impressions In 1977. He Won The 1981 Grammy For Best Jazz Performance Soloist For Bye Bye Blackbird An Album Of Recordings Made Live In Europe In 1962 And He Was Given The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award In 1992 25 Years After His Death. John Coltrane Is Sometimes Described As One Of Jazz's Most Influential Musicians But One Is Hard Put To Find Followers Who Actually Play In His Style. Rather He Is Influential By Example Inspiring Musicians To Experiment Take Chances And Devote Themselves To Their Craft. The Controversy About His Work Has Never Died Down But Partially As A Result His Name Lives On And His Recordings Continue To Remain Available And To Be Reissued Frequently.

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